A Comparison between the Hindu Gods of Good and Evil Essay Example for Free

A Comparison between the Hindu Gods of substanti altogethery and Evil EssayIn Hinduism, the primal goal of an individual is to achieve the so-called paradise or becoming one with God. Nirvana con nones the transcendence of the hu reality spirit to the Oneness of the Divine Spirit (Hemen focal point, 2003). Hence, party Hindus practice a smorgasbord of evolved rituals and esoteric practices to enable their spirit to adapt to the divine mall. The hope of spiritual transcendence given by Nirvana became the basis for creation or conceptualization of many graven images in the Hindu religion. These gods argon fundamentally derivatives of the One God the One God being delineated in all aspects of nature (Hemenway, 2003). Thus, in order to simulate the specific characteristics of this God, Hindus focus on worshipping all the representations of this God. In general, the Hindu religion speaks of about 300 major and lesser gods. The primary cardinal gods be cognize as the Holy Trinity. brahmin is the creator Vishnu is the preserver (pattern-maker) and Shiva, the destroyer. The three are inseparable from each other. In order for creation to proceed, thither must(prenominal) be a period of destruction. In order for destruction to occur, a period of deliverance must happen (prior).Thus, the existence of the three gods presents a vivid description of the Hindus smell on the existence of man. If man is to be born, he must be preserved from the impediments of baffling livelihood and wretched, and he must face the reality of decease. To be born is to be created to be preserved is to be rectified from the blacks of daily living to die is to acknowledge the origin of the human spirit. Only in this way that the human spirit would be able to achieve Nirvana (transcendence of the human spirit to the divine essence).Thus, Hindus withstand on the assumption that once man is born (and reborn) in this world, on that point are powers who would guide and pervert him to attain Nirvana. The guiding powers are essentially the gods of right. The powers misguiding man to his true purpose are the gods of wickedness. This is though hostile the Christian belief of good and evil. Evil here is not seen as non- available. Rather it serves as a homely of rise during the preservation period of mans being that is, the necessity to achieve Nirvana. Good here is seen mostthing as an end that is, the representation of Nirvana on earth.We nookie thereof assume that the pattern of good and evil is a rectification of ideological misconceptions in the Hindu religion. The first clarification is concerning the ascendent of good and evil. It is quite clear in Hindu religion that both good and evil gods came from the equal source. Evil is the perversion of good. In order for evil to exist, good must first come into existence. The s clarification states good gods are a lot transformed into evil gods as they experience strange circumstances. The conce ption con beaks the existence of One Divine Essence represented as both good and evil in nature.Evil is not a natural phenomenon, it springs from the Divine Essence serving as a test to good-will. Thus, when we compare Hindu gods of good and evil, take note that we are essentially talking of functional difference. This functional difference is manifested in the comprehend roles of the gods in nature. The Hindu gods of good are represented in things perceived by the Hindus as rudiments of a good life. For example, Ganesha is often described as a god of good because he bestows good fortune to those seeking his favor. Specifically, he is considered the source of prosperity and wealth for Hindus. both(prenominal) call Ganesha the Lord of Good Fortune and the Destroyer of Obstacles. Often, Hindus attribute their economic and social well-being to the hands of Ganesha. Added to that, because man is located in a bodily world full of dangers and obstacles, he continuously pull up stake s his divine guidance to man. Hence, he is sometimes called the god of wisdom and intellect in Hinduism. Ganesha is seen as a good god who bestows his wisdom and divine intellect to man in order for him (man) to attain Nirvana. frankly speaking, he is seen by many Hindus as the source of hope and aspiration.Besides Ganesha, there are three other gods considered to be good by many Hindus. Durga is a goddess representing the power of the Supreme Being who maintains lesson order (Hindu Gods, 2005). In Sanskrit, her name means a fort or a place that is protected. Thus, Durga is known as the Divine Mother. In her arms, she protects the human race from evil by destroying the sources of evil. Like Ganesha, Lakshmi is considered a goddess of good-living and prosperity. In Sanskrit, her name literally means goal (Hindu Gods, 2005). Thus, she signifies the goals of life.These goals of life base be achieved either in the physical or spiritual realm. Most Hindus pray to her for guidance. Sa raswati is the goddess of knowledge, and wisdom. She is often associated with Brahma, the creator of the universe. In Sanskrit, her name means the essence of the self (Hindu Gods, 2005). Hinduism puts knowledge on a higher pedestal, being the prerequisite for creation. To the Hindu worshipper, Saraswati provides guidance to humanity in accomplishing their daily tasks. Hindus believe that Saraswati, during the early part of creation, provided man with practical knowledge.This practical knowledge allowed man to create cultivations, far greater than any in the animal kingdom. In Hinduism, there are gods considered to be the source of evil in this world. In Pauranic traditions, Asuras and Devas are the step sons of Kasyapa, an unknown god considered to be the cardinal source of evil. They are considered to be demon gods projected as enemies of humanity. The Asuras (this is a group of demon gods) became also proud of their ancestry and power. Thus, the Devas became enraged over the wa r mongering of the Asuras and decided to punish them.The punishment though was self-serving. The Devas imagination by forcing the Asuras to serve them, they would be able to project themselves as rulers of the physical world. This view of the Asuras and Devas was expanded in Persian mythology. Iranian mythology presented Asur Mazda as the embodiment of good in this world and Devas as the villain. It should be noted though that in Hindu mythology, both the Asuras and the Devas are perceived as demon gods that is, gods that would take all hope from humanity in the attainment of the Nirvana.The term Asuras, unlike the terminological evolution in Iranian mythology, came to signify in later times (in Hinduism) as the representation of evil demon itself. In Hinduism, there are gods considered evil precisely because they are perceived to be enemies of the good gods and humanity in general. Vritra, for example, is a serpent god often called as the enemy of the gods (The Complete Book of Devils and goliaths, 2005). His favorite animal, the serpent, carries the scent of death to those who would call his name. Yama is a Hindu god considered to be the lord of death.His two dogs drag humanity into the vehemence of spiritual death the essence of which is the loss of spiritual transcendence to the Divine Essence. The same is true for Ravana, the Demon King (The Complete Book of Devils and Demons, 2005). He is seen as the incarnation of evil in this world. At times, he would lure humans into his trap, forcing them to pledge loyalty to his evil will. There are also evil creatures considered to be the direct descendants of the evil gods. Kasyapa, the primordial source of evil (and the father of both the Asuras and the Devas) gave birth to the Daityas.These are unpleasant demons who roamed the physical world to destroy mans sacrifices to the good gods. The good gods are therefore their natural enemies. Kasyapa also gave birth to the Danavas (The Complete Book of Devils and Demons, 2005). These are creatures often disguised as man to motivate man to rebel against the good gods. These creatures (who at times became demon gods) possessed powers of persuasion and bad luck. They often seduce man to covet the properties of the gods and to stop offering sacrifices. Added to that, they also offer their services to the primary evil gods in their compact against the good gods.The good gods are sometimes forced to seek condom to other places in order to avoid the rage of these demonic creatures. In the end, however, the good gods succeed in defeating these evil creatures (in alliance with the evil gods). There are also other entities described as evil in the Hindu religion. The Darbas are destructive that tears human flesh (hence the name, tearers). The Rakshasas are goblins and ghouls which descended from the foot of Brahma. They can be titans or as little as a cat that haunt cemeteries and other spiritual places.They disturb sacrifices, animate the dead, ea t people, and spread disease and disorder. These creatures often serve the evil gods in their fight against the good gods. In sum, evil goods in the Hindu religion are either the enemies of the gods and humanity or those which prevent humanity from attaining Nirvana. These gods descended from the three primary gods (Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva).At times, they trace their ancestry to good gods. This explains the proposition state earlier that the good is the prerequisite of evil. Added to that, some evil Hindu gods (like the Asuras and the Devas) in Hinduism present their identity as the result of perversion on the part of the good gods. Take note that the good gods are not by nature good. Like in Greek mythology, Hindu gods are often involved in intrigues that affect their functions as gods. At times, even the good gods struggle against each other for supremacy. Only when the bane of evil becomes preeminent, the good Hindu gods join forces to defeat the evil gods. Most of the time, they achieve success. At some time, they flee from the hordes of the evil gods.We come now to the discussion of the primary differences of Hindu gods of good and evil. As verbalise earlier, the main difference between these gods can be derived from the concept of functionality. Hindu gods of good are represented as the good rudiments of nature (and mans guidance in attaining Nirvana). Hindu gods of evil are essentially the symbols of a corrupt humanity. This corruption is the ultimate obstacle (and often irreversible) of man in attaining Nirvana. There are though specific differences between these sets of deities. Here are as follows ) Culturally speaking, the Hindu gods of good are often associated with the mystical founders of Hindu civilization (Hemenway, 2003).For example, in the Vedic manuscripts the ancient founders of the Indus civilization are often given divine attributes. These gods are the progenitors of practical and divine knowledge to the people. The evil gods are oft en associated with the invaders that is, the barbarians who destroyed the Indus civilization and established the caste system (note that the caste system is functional in the eyes of a Hindu this connotes that evil itself is functional in some ways) ) The good gods are often represented as the symbols of perpetuity and healthy living (Hemenway, 2003). Animals such as the elephant, cow, and rat are associated with the good gods because of their dual symbol of power and humility the very virtues that humanity adheres to.The evil gods are represented by serpent, monkey (symbol of arrogance and maliciousness), and in some cases the vulture symbols of decay and corruption of the human spirit. Take note however that these creatures are respected in the Hindu religion because evil is seen as a manifest test of humanity in achieving Nirvana ) Lastly, the good gods are usually are represented as bringers of nicety and love to humanity. The eight arms of Ganesha symbolize love for humanity. The swords loaded to arms of Ganesha symbolize justice and his will to protect humanity from evil powers. The evil gods carry weapons that aim to destroy and misguide humanity. We must though take note that there is no sharp demarcation between good and evil (Abhedananda and Math, 2007). In Vedanta philosophy, there is no such thing as a natural good.Any natural process can be viewed as either good or bad depending on the one who views it. Thus, it can be said that every action, whether backed by good or bad motives, is covered with its opposite, as fire is enveloped with smoke (Abhedananda and Math, 2007). Thus to assume that the good gods in the Hindu religion are by nature good is a misconception. It is often noted some good gods gave birth to evil ones. This instance record that evil is the offspring of good.

The Reporter’s Privilege Essay Example for Free

The news show someones Privilege EssayFor the last 34 geezerhood, over a thousand subpoenas were lotd to incubateers of various word media organizations in the united States compelling them to testify and put out their starts in entirely kinds of court fictional characters. In 1999 alone, thither were 1,326 subpoenas delivered to 440 news outlets according to the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press (RCFP). This epidemic has threatened to destroy the liberty of the foment, which is saved under the outgrowth A manpowerdment of the U.S. Constitution. The rise possesses valuable breeding and is the bearingblood of newsgathering. There will be no floor without the reference.Professional ethics demands that journalists should safeguard their root words even if it means facing jail terms and always hold the promise of confidentiality they make to the source. The Ameri enkindle Society of Newspaper Editors Statement of Principles, Article VI takes that Pl edges of confidentiality to news sources moldiness be honored at all costs, and in that locationfore should not be given lightly. On the other(a) hand, the Radio-Television News managing directors Association figure of Ethics and Professional Conduct cite that Journalists should keep all commitments to nurse a confidential source.Therefore, it is imperative that journalists should not be forced to disclose their sources because it would undermine their original function to inform the deal and even destroy the American surplus urge on philosophy that the normal has the right to know. Subpoenaing a journalist threatens to transform the in numberent press into an investigative arm of the authorities it silences potential drop confidential sources, which reduces the flow of information to the citizenry and it on that pointby enthrals the First Amendment. (Bates, 2000, p. 4, 2).If it will give meaning to the First Amendment and the freedom of the press, then the reporters allow moldiness be kept sacred. RCFP decision maker Director Lucy Daglish, in an interview with Newsweek in 2004, said that democracy operates because the media provides information to the citizenry. Columbia news media Review Executive Director Mike Hoyt describes the press as the oxygen of democracy. However, at presents trends of attacking the source depend unlikely when journalists ar getting dr throwed in a sea of subpoenas and fount a ritual of jailing. The courts commence been contesting the reporters exemption in over coke years but the press continues to take hold the test of time whether in the court rooms or in the corridors of power.When the government subpoenas journalists in evil cases, additional concerns are raised. The media is said to serve many functions critical to a democracy. Among these are the tasks of informing the universal, dishing as watchdogs by checking government abuse, and holding individuals in a position to affect the habitual ri ce beer accountable for their actions. To fulfill these functions, journalists must remain independent of government. Subpoenas naturally reduce this independence, thus undermining the medias function in a democracy. (Schmid, 2002, Proponents Of the Journalists Privilege, 4).Court Rulings. Unlike the attorney-client, doctor-patient, spousal, and therapist privileges, the judicial system still does not credit the reporters privilege. A number of cases take for already challenged and continue to challenge this controversial privilege resulting in high profile landmarks of court rulings. The first Supreme Court case that answered whether the First Amendment protects journalists from not bring out their source was the Branzburg versus Hayes in 1972. In 1969, Paul Branzburg of the Louisville Courrier-Journal wrote an article about the views of hippies and their plan to formulate and sell marijuana. He used fictitious key outs to protect the identities of his source. He was subpoenae d to testify in a state gravitational constant instrument panel that was investigating a local drug trade.He refused to name the men who were in possession of marijuana and was held in contempt. Not worried he wrote another expose detailing a pot session in Frankfort, Kentucky. He was brought back before a grand jury and asked to describe the criminal acts he had observed but he refused to testify. The case went on for two years that ended up with a Supreme Court ruling.In a 5-4 decision, the court did not recognize such privilege saying that the First Amendment does not protect journalists from not revealing their sources. The Court say that journalists, like to the highest degree citizens, must respond to relevant questions put to them in the course of a binding grand jury investigation or criminal trial. (Schmid, Supreme Court Precedent, 2). In the course of news gathering, the reporter becomes an eyewitness to a crime, he or she is liable to testify before a grand jury. B ranzburg was sentenced to six months in jail.But in a short concurrence by legal expert Lewis Powell, he hoped that in the future the legality might give way to a court-recognized privilege. In his argument Justice Potter Stewart gave a three-way test for qualified privilege that a reporter possesses information relevant to the crime, that there is no other way to get the information and that there is a convincing and normal interest in the information. The court left the issue to congress whether to enact laws that would protect reporters from not testifying.As a result of Justices Powell and Stewart arguments that in one way or the other the press has some shelter under the First Amendment shield laws were instituted by various states. Currently there are 31 states including the regulate of Columbia that institute this law. The law however varies in detail and scope according to state laws and has specific limits. Generally, only journalists working full-time in a recognized media organizations are covered and not freelancers or book writers. There are certain events that journalists are excluded from covering.Another threat to press freedom is the case of Judith Miller of the New York Times. After a series of court battles in 2004, Miller spent 85 days in prison for not divulging her source on the Palme leak. The case originated when Valerie Palme wife of a origin ambassador Joseph Wilson was named in a series of articles revealing her true identity as a CIA agent. Her name was leaked by an official of President George Bushs administration to the media. The leakage was considered a criminal offense. chthonian the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, a person who learns the identity of a covert agent like Plame from classified information can get ten years in jail for intentionally disclosing the agents identity. (McCollam, 2005, Out of Africa, 3).Many reporters were subpoenaed including Miller. Refusing to testify she was found in contempt. She invoked her First Amendment right but was denied. She was only released when the source voluntary waived his right to confidentiality and came out. It was learned that Scooter Libby, the chief of staff of Vice President Dick Cheney, was the source of the leakage. There are so many other similar cases that hound American press freedom like James Taricani who served six months of house arrest in Rhode Island.In Washington five reporters were in contempt for the stories about nuclear scientist Wen Ho Lee named by the press as the source of giving secrets to the Chinese. Vanessa Leggett went to jail for 168 days rather than giving up her source of information tour writing a book about a Houston murder. She was only released when the term of her appearance before a grand jury expired.These reporters are fighting for a principle that is sanctified by the constitution. Keeping the source is essential for public trust and to serve the interest of the people. Breaking that trust would only kill the insertion of press freedom and its purpose. Disclosing the whistle blowers would endanger lives in acts of retaliation against them especially from the government. The relationship of journalists to their sources comprises one of the most criticalyet perplexingareas of reporting. Without sources, there would be no stories. The better the source, the better the story. (Willis, 1990, p. 75).The subroutine of the Press. Since the beginning of the press in 1690 in Boston, Massachusetts, it has grown dramatically through time. In a democratic form of government the press is therefore necessary as Thomas Jefferson once said The founding of our government being the opinion of the people, the in true statement first object should be to keep that right and were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.To serve as check and balance, the constitution creat ed three branches of government, the executive, legislative, and judiciary. However, these branches have now been infected with all sorts of corruptions and abuse of power. Thus the quartern estate was born, the press, to make sure democracy operates as it was envisioned by the founding fathers.In its proterozoic stage, the American press was used for propaganda by those who owned it. It was a lapdog that reported only what the publisher wants and solicits advertisements. What make it an instrument of democracy were the many voices that shaped opinion and caused freedom to fly across the country and the exclusively world. It has become the guardian of U.S. democracy. Today, it takes the role as the watchdog of government investigating anomalies making sure that officials do not violate the rights of the citizenry and become more transparent instead of operating in secrecy.Without the press, we would not have discovered the cheating activities of President Richard Nixon in the Wate rgate scandal or President Bushs misleading tactics to justify the invasion of Iraq. Besides of informing, the press also educates, reforms, entertains, and incites. Far from its origins, the press today carries no ideology and not connected with any political party or government agency. At the turn of century, advocacy moved from news stories to editorial pages, where it has since stayed. News reporters of the twentieth-century claim to be politically set-apart and objective, unlike journalists of the previous era. To modern journalists, objective means an allegiance to the nonpartisan pursuit of factual accuracy. (Soley, 1992, p. 16). in spite of criticisms, the press maintains its objectivity as the number guideline in reporting. The Project for Excellence in Journalism identified major trends in the press reporting style. The Journalism of Verification is the traditional style wherein reporters must substantiate their facts to come up with an accurate story. Then there is the J ournalism of Affirmation where a reporter delivers the news with a point of view. In making its works more professional and transparent, the press empowers the public in judging the stories whether to believe it or not. From watchdog now comes the guide dog concept called civic journalism that focused on the role of the press in building communities.This brand of journalism challenges people to take part in resolving community jobs. It aims to educate citizens about issues and current events so they can make civic decisions, engage in civic dialogue and action, and, generally, exercise their responsibilities in a democracy. (Schaffer, 2001, 25). It reinforces the watchdog role but it does not tell how the public should think or act. This journalism delivers news that help communities cope up with difficult issues concerning their everyday life. The model serves as an alternative style that hopes to address the shortcomings of the press.The Code of Ethics. Journalists are guided by the compute of ethics to ensure professional integrity and credibility in enlightening the citizenry. Different news organizations have their own ethics and standards but maintain common elements such as objectivity, accuracy, and confidentiality of sources. In its 50-page report in 1947, A Free and Responsible Press, the Hutchins Commission laid out the goals of journalistic performance. The report was written by eminent scholars and authors under Robert M. Hutchins, president of the Chicago University and has served as the basis of journalistic practices today.The Hutchins Commission identified five responsibilities, the fulfillment of which could serve as a measure of press performance. The press should (1) provide a truthful, comprehensive, and intelligent account of the days events in a context which gives them meaning, a commitment evidenced in part by objective reporting (2) be a assemblage for the exchange of comment and criticism, meaning in part that papers should be co mmon carriers of public discussion, at least in the limited sense of carrying views contrary to their own (3) project a representative show up of the constituent groups in the society (4) present and clarify the goals and values of the society and (5) provide full access code to the days intelligence, thereby serving the publics right to be informed. (Baker, 2001, p. 154).The Society of Professional Journalists urged its members to always seek the truth by being honest, fair, and report the information rightly. A reporter must be accountable to the public about his news stories. He must act independently by being free from other interests other than serving the publics right to know. He should minimize harm in treating sources. In pursuit of gathering data, the reporter must show compassion by being sensitive to sources that are negatively affected by the coverage. The journalist must recognize that in news gathering he or she can cause harm or discomfort to the source. Arrogance must not be displayed while collecting data and must be cautious in identifying juvenile suspects or victims of trip out crimes.Sources must be treated fairly and professionally without inquiring pointlessly about their personal life nor threaten them if they do not cooperate. Reporters should always introduce themselves truthfully while interviewing their sources and not carry rancid identity just to get the information. Importantly, when the source wants to remain unknow, the journalist must respect that trust of confidentiality.The San Francisco Chronicles code offers one of the clearest treatments on the always-thorny matter of dealing with sources that want confidentiality. It reads in part A reporter who pledges confidentiality to a source must not violate that pledge. If the reporter is asked by an editor for the identity of a source, the reporter should advise the source of the editors request. If the source wishes to withhold his or her identity from the editor, then the reporter and editor must decide whether or not to use the information even though the sources identity remains known only to the reporter. (Steele Black, 2001, Sources and Reporters).The Need for Shield equity. Notwithstanding the important function of the press in defending democracy, there are no sufficient laws in protecting its existence. All sectors of society especially the government depend on the press for timely information in order to make policies. In its 2005 annual report for press freedom rankings, the United States placed 44th falling 20 places from the previous years all because of the Miller case and the legal tactics that attack the privacy of journalistic sources. This is ironic since the country is the booster unit of democracy the world over. News organizations are now uniting forces to seek legislative action.However, several proposed bills have already been sent to congress but unfortunately no actions have been taken yet. Since Branzburg some 100 federal s tatutes have been introduced but failed to pass. The Free Flow of Information Act of 2005 is presently pending in the senate and congress. This act is in response to the jailing of Judith Miller. The legislation would prevent government officials from compelling a reporter to reveal a source unless it was determined by clear and convincing evidence that disclosure of the identity of the person is necessary to prevent imminent and actual harm to national security. (Durity, 2000, 34).A federal shield law is important to safeguard the reporter in the performance of his/her duty. The move is for the federal government to recognize states interest in protecting the secrecy of sources and that no party may force a journalist to reveal his/her source or notes by suing the reporter in federal court. This poses dilemma for reporters whether to violate a court order and face jail or break the promise of source confidentiality and face public distrust. Subpoenas are burdensome to journalists b ecause it consumes so much time and disrupts their work. A law could provide reporters for head to quash subpoenas except when there is prevailing evidence that such information is really necessary and when there is no other way to obtain the information.The trend of compelling reporters to identify their sources has sent fears that the American free press is under attack and being used by the government in investigating its own deficiency particularly the leakage of classified documents. When the government fails to resolves its own problems, it may be tempted to enlist reporters in criminal acts as an easy way out.With an existing law, prosecutors and criminals defendants may seek other means or conduct investigations in acquiring information rather than depend on journalists by attacking their sources. helplessness to define who qualifies as a journalist has delayed the passage of shield laws. Perhaps with an established ruling, this problem will be addressed giving courts stan dards and criteria to give judges guidance who qualifies for protection. This law is needed to regularise legal approaches to the privilege of reporters and to assure them that confidentiality to sources is respected. In effect, sources will feel safe and not disappear but will remain for future news stories.In a decision that strongly endorsed the principles on which the reporters privilege is based, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit observed, If reporters were routinely required to divulge the identities of their sources, the free flow of newsworthy information would be restrained and the publics understanding of important issues and events would be hampered in ways inconsistent with a well-grounded republic. (Ganett, 2006, 7). Responding to the Miller incident, James Goodale, New York Times former vice chairman and general counsel, has encouraged the press to fight on and to guard the freedoms of First Amendment in order to come up with better laws. cryptograph can dispute that the press has strong influence in every American citizen. It has molded American opinion and shaped government policies through time. Noted journalists have been recognized for their dedication in the profession. Reporters serve as link between government and its citizens and that of other nations. Because of the press, the world has become a global liquidation promoting culture, language, and perhaps peace. Journalists deserve better. They deserve more than just subpoenas. They have earned their right for a privilege in serving and protecting the democracy of this country.ReferencesBates, S. (2000). The Reporters Privilege Then and Now. Research makeup R-23. The Joan Shorenstein Press Politics. Public Policy. Harvard University. John F. Kennedy School of Government.Schmid, Karl H. (2002). Journalists privilege in criminal proceedings an analysis of United States Courts of Appeals decisions from 1973 to 1999. American Criminal Law Review. Date 22-SEP-02. Retrieved Oct ober 30, 2006, from http//goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/summary_0199-2470495_ITMMcCollam, D. (2005). Attack at The Source Why the Plame case is so scary. Columbias Journalism Review. Americas Premier Media Monitor. Columbia Universitys Graduate School of Journalism. give up 2 March/April 2005. Retrieved October 30, 2006, from http//www.cjr.org/issues/2005/2/mccollam-plame.asp?printerfriendly=yesWillis, J. (1990). Journalism State of the Art. Praeger Publsihers. New York. ISBN 0275932443Soley, L. C. (1992). The News Shapers The Sources Who Explain the News. Praeger Publishers. New York. ISBN 0275940330Schaffer, J. (2001). The Role of the Media in Building Community. Pew Center for Civic Journalism. Global Issues. An Electronic Journal of the U.S. Department of State. mickle 6, Number 1, April 2001.Baker, C. E. (2001). Media, Markets, and Democracy. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. ISBN 0521009774Steele, R Black, J. (2001). Media Ethics Codes and Beyond. Global Issues. An Electronic Journal of the U.S. Department of State. Volume 6, Number 1, April 2001.Durity, L. (2000). screen Journalist Bloggers The Need To Protect Newsgathering Despite The Distribution Medium. Public Policy Studies. Duke University. Retrieved October 30, 206, from http//www.law.duke.edu/dev/journals/dltr/articles/2006DLTR0011.htmlGanett Company, Inc. (2006). From Barbara Wartelle Wall Legal Watch. 2000 Media Law Developments Sources and Public Records. News Watch. Retrieved October 30, 2006, from http//www.gannett.com/go/newswatch/2000/december/nw1228-4.htm

Promise Essay Example for Free

phone EssayThe teacher walked into the classroom. It was the first period that day. favorable morning, ein truthone. How was your holiday? Mrs. Jane asked. Great Fun Exciting Those were the words came from every student in the class describing their end-year holidays. Of form holiday is fun and interesting days for everyone. But, for Jessica, it was a boring holiday since her parents rarely spent their time with her due to their busy schedules even during her school holidays. She just kept quiet as if she did not go through when Mrs. Jane asked them. She seems hardly opened her m poph since she entering the class.After sometimes Mrs. Jane realized that Jessica disliked her school holidays. She quick switches her topic. approve, now. Everyone, Im going to introduce you to your impudently classmate, Tiffany, announced Mrs. Jane. She welcomes Tiffany to the classroom. Mrs. Jane then asked her to introduce herself. After that she asked her to taunt beside Jessica. Hi, I m Jessica. Nice to meet you, Jessica greeted her with a broad smile. Nice to meet you too, Tiffany verbalise with a broad smile too. Mrs. Jane smiled to herself when she saw that Jessica smiled broadly. Mrs. Jane felt up relief knowing that Jessica was happy to have a new friend.Alright, everyone Lets start our first lesson today, Mrs. Jane told the class. The lesson for the day was very interesting as the students seemed to be enjoying the lesson. It was at about 2pm everyone was waiting for the final bell to ring that marked the end of the lesson of the day. Jessica and tiffany walked hand-in-hand on their way home. Do you usually walk home? Tiffany asked Jessica while manner of walking along the corridor. Yes. Id rather walking than going by car, Jessica told her. I used to walk too, said Tiffany. Hey can I ask you something? Jessica asked. Sure. wherefore not? Tiffany wondering what is she going to ask her. Can we be friend? Jessica asked.Her face turned ruby red. Tiffan y giggled. Why are you asking that silly question? Were already friends, she said. What? Really? Thanks Jessica said and hugged her tightly. No problem, Tiffany said and Jessica released the hug. Now, let us promise, she said. What? Lets be friend forever no matter what happen. Even if we were separated one day, we will continuously keep in touch, okay? She told her. Okay I promise. Jessica said. After promising to each other, they headed to their own home. Day after day, their relationship became closer and closer.They always spent their weekend together at each others home. During the holiday, Jessica spent her holiday with tiffany and her family since Jessicas parents was always busy. A few months later, Jessica parents told her that they will move overseas. Knowing this, Jessicas divide rolling down in the mouth to her cheeks. We know you cant separate with Tiffany. But, we have to move, dear. Anyways, you will have some new friends there, her sustain tried to console he r. One day after the school was over Jessica told tiffany that she will move to newly York that evening.Really? But, I know you will come to visit me in the future, right? Tiffany asked as her tears rolled down her cheeks. Yes. I will, that was all Jessica can say at that moment. They went home as usual. That evening, Tiffany went to the airport to say goodbye to Jessica. Jessica was happy to see her present at the airport and wish her happy journey. She hugged Tiffany and felt heavy to let her go. As it was already time to go to the departure hall, Tiffany loosens her hug and let her go. Promise me that you will not cry when you arrive there and I promise to wait for you to come here, Tiffany promised.I promise. And, I promise I will be backwards, Jessica told her. Alright, girls. Its time to go and say goodbye, Jessicas mother said to them. Okay, mom. Jessica said. Then, they bid their farewell. Two years later, Tiffany pursued her study in college. Even though they were separ ated, they always keep in touch through social network and phone call. Since Jessica was busy with her college activities, she didnt have enough time to go back to Canada. But, she still kept her promise. She told Tiffany that she will be back next week. Tiffany was so delighted to hear the news. Two weeks later, but Jessica still not coming back. She was very disappointed and upset with Jessica.One day, Jessicas mother went to Tiffanys house. She told Tiffany why Jessica will not come. She told her that Jessica died in a car accident while on her way to the airport two weeks ago. No That shouldnt be She wont leave me Tiffany cried out loudly. She feels that she cant bear it anymore. Her mother and Jessicas mother tried to console her. Tiffany went to New York that night. Upon arriving at New York, she went to Jessicas grave. Tears gushing out of her eyes until she felt that no more tears came out. Its been two years after Jessicas death Tiffany soon became a famous singer as they promise in the past.

Plan balanced meals snacks Essay Example for Free

Plan balanced meals snacks Essay

Development of Stratford Because of the Olympics Essay Example for Free

Development of Stratford Because of the Olympics Es theorizeThe 2012 Olympics were held in Stratford in the East of capital of the United Kingdom, many of the events took place here. The Olympic park covered an area of 500 acres which features the naked as a jaybird built Olympic stadium, the London aquatics centre, the basketball arena, the London velopark and the riverbank arena. Boxing, fencing, judo, table tennis and so forth was in the river zone which is located both sides of the River Thames in the Thames gateway area. The central zone which includes venues such as the Wembley stadium (where the finals of football competitions took place) also the Wembley Arena (Badminton) and Wimbledon (Tennis), covered most of central and West London. Stratford was chosen because the London pay for team persuaded the 10c that this part of East London was in need of regeneration. Stratford was also chosen because the bid also proved that the area had potential, Javelin trains would take only 7 minutes from London and also the rivers in the area could make the Olympic park look beautiful. Also alongside the old network of river and canals thither was plenty of room for new knowledge. This has been one of the most compact Olympic parks only roughly 2 square kilometres.EconomicDevelopment will transform rundown rail lands into major shop and business location. 120 shops and cafes.EnvironmentalOlympic village will be converted into permanent homes.The development will attract homes, businesses and visitors because it will look improved and welcoming. Wide variety of open space.Visionary urban design, architecture and transport projects. The Stratford area will be alter from a derelict filthy metropolis into a clean, redbrick city. The regeneration of Stratford will help it be noticed and it will be transformed into a totally new place. The place and people will be noticed in a different and better way.Stratford has been improved in a great way because in the lon g endpoint massive, new sporting facilities drive home been built which will attract people as it is a legacy of the games. Also in the long term, old houses have been knocked down and re-built do Stratford look more(prenominal) advance(a) and looked after. Another reason as to why Stratford has been improved is because of more jobs that have been created which will attract more people to the area and make it well known. Another benefit and improvement is that the Olympic park largest urban Park in Europe for 50 years will create a better mountain chain for London and East End.Increased participation in sport for young people has been increased making East London and London look like a great healthy place by chance persuading adults to live in London with their children so their children have a healthier and more active life. wiz of the improvements I have mentioned (old houses being knocked down and new ones being built) has been classed as a social fall out because of co mplaints saying it will change the socio economic structure and the geography of Stratford.Some residents have been offended negatively from the development of Stratford as almost 9.3 billion has been spent on the games with three quarters of it earmarked for regeneration and they say it is hard to see where the money has gone. This suggests to us that their area has been left and not improved leaving it as it is was and many other areas have been left as they are too. A positive impact on the residents is that their area is going to become well known because of the Olympics and also many more new modern homes and jobs are being created and becoming available. More positive reasons that have affected the residents are that they have cut back untidiness by removing any unnecessary railings, posts, bins and benches.Also they have improved the quality of open spaces and they have planted trees in groups along the road and introduce greenery too make the traffic wait less dominating.

Pategonias Expansion Strategy Essay Example for Free

Pategonias Expansion schema Essay1. Patagonias Current Strategy Key Processes and node PerceptionIn the context of our crinkle model our number superstar key process is our Rules and Norms (a complete breakdown of Patagonias current lineage model and a to-be-proposed business model argon available for review in butt I). This ethos that started with the foundation of Chouinard Equipment keep opend through the creation of Lost Arrow and indeed Patagonia.Our self-proclaimed dirtbag culture has resulted in some irregular business practices over the years. We pride ourselves on our efforts to wince the kindly and environmental impact of the life prison term of the goods and go we produce. This is something that our competitors recognize but do not snap efforts on for us it is of the utmost importance. I took this shore leave to draft a Customer Value Proposition (CVP) for our current model We provide high quality, undestroyable outdoor athletic clothing and accessories that be produced with a high standard for environmental and social impact. We invite the overlaps that we want to use.To extrapolate on the latter portion of our CVP, we expect our employees to not only sh are in the environmental and social consciousness that Mr Chouinard has weaved into the culture of Patagonia but we expect employees to be users of our products as well. This gives us an undreamt sharpness into the functionality and durability of our products. This is exemplified in our generous sabbaticals and midday surfing breaks at our corporate headquarters. Additional insight in this regard is provided by our investment in brand ambassadors, who also provide us with the plaza of our visual marketing in our catalogs, our website, and social media.In order of volume we move our products through leash main channels sweeping, retail, catalog/internet. In order of profitability the channels are arranged as such retail, catalog/internet1, and wholesale. There is an additio nal product freshen up arm of Patagonias coordinate that at the moment is not lucrative.Our commitment to the ethical fiber that binds the core of what Patagonia as a brand stands for results in a product that comes at a premium impairment, however we believe that the money you draw on Patagonia products is a contribution to our commitment for care when it comes to the environments and social spheres within which we operate. So far we confound seen victory as shown below.2. Financial Review of Current Business caseThe competition analysis in butt III outlines our industries bonnys for financial health. It would seem that our dirtbag approach to business has boded well for us over the last cristal years. While our total market share (annual gross revenue) is far below the assiduity average over on the whole the company is making money. Our gross profit margin is over 6% higher than the exertion average and our pre-tax profit margin is right in line with the labor avera ge.While Patagonias ROE and ROA are below the industry average it is not my lots and our debt to equity ratio is far below the industry average. So trance we sticks often equity and assets on hand than our competitors we has enough liquid cash hightail it to finance operations without having to incur much debt. Our 12 month revenue growth is trending along with the industry however our 12 month net growth income is nearly 13% higher than our competitors. therefore while we are experiencing growth that is on par with the industry we are experiencing a downward turn in our operating and/or material costs. It should be noted that the information here is of companies who compete in our industry but not exclusively. Columbia is the competitor that competes most directly with our niche in the industry and on every account except for debt/equity our numbers are favorable and even in the slip-up of debt/equity the difference is negligible.The standards for philanthropy and an ethical purview for production and material sourcing at Patagonia are much higher than the industry average. We donate 1% of gross gross sales to environmental initiatives and causes, and our COGS are higher than competitors as a result of our ethical stance. However, once again (as shown in Lost Arrow Financials, Exhibit III) we father been operating in the black for the last decade.This may also be explained by our company ethic. We focus on a curbing of consumption and that focus has limited how much we are provideing to spend on advertizing. Conversely our competition holds advertisement as a high priority when establishing sales and brand. This annotation is not trivial and could more than account for the balance between our costs and those of our competitors.3. Moving ForwardAs discussed the current model for Patagonia works. You cigaret be a dirtbag and make make money. The question is how do we continue on with the goal of 10% growth per year for the next five years? Whatever we carry we essential operate within that moral fiber that helped us to achieve who we are today. Following are two suggestions for how to move forward, one uses our current business model, the other proposes a change. Please reference Exhibit I for business model analysis and Exhibit II for strategy.Strategy Current Business ModelTactic One A Focus on Retail Our best margins are derived from retail sales however this accounts for unsloped one third of our sales volume. The best type of marketing asset we strike are our retail employees. Our Dirtbag Ambassadors are out there skiing, snowboarding, climbing, camping, bouldering, and living the life that Patagonia wants to be an integral commence of.We must expand our retail channel and focus on those areas where dirtbags convene. A quick review of the 26 stores in the United States can be found in Exhibit V. Portland, Seattle, St. Paul, Chicago, Atlanta, DC. Sure dirtbags live in cities but where are our stores in Telluride, Tah oe, Bend, Cheyenne, or Buffalo? An expansion of our retail stream increases profitability as well as the reach of our marketing, the Patagonia way. These are the places our competitors dont wants stores for lack of traffic, but our stores are more than commerce they are community centers for dirtbags.Tactic Two Research and Development Our industry ethic has produced one of the best research and development laboratories in the industry. We can leverage this in two ways. First and first off we must fund research to produce material with the ethical and physical integrity that also helps rase our gross margins. We have pioneered ethical durable material in the industry, now we must find a way to do so cheaper.Doing so would open up the market for those dirtbags who dont have as much money and would norm each(prenominal)y go to a competitor themed on price layer. Second we hold patents for these materials we could offer to sell material to other outdoor companies, or begin a joint venture. In either of these cases we must make sure that the material we produced is being utilized in an end product that is up to the standards of Patagonia.Strategy Two A New Business ModelThere comes a time in a business life when you have to ask While what we are doing has worked, how long forget it work? To achieve the goal of 10% growth per year we may have to think external of our wheelhouse and think about how committed we are to our ethical and social standards. As long as we continue to produce more clothing hatful will buy it. As it stands our customer base has expendable income. How can we convince them to only buy what we contend? Through an expansion of our clothing situate services and clothing swap market. A case is do for the business model change in Exhibit I.Tactic One Expansion of Repair and Retail It is not our goal to abandon what has made Patagonia the company it is today, thus once again we will need to expand retail stores however we do so in a way that will facilitate clothing repair. Each store should have a mending workshop staffed and equipped to repair what comes their way. To really take advantage of this service we must willing to mend non-Patagonia clothing.This will do two things it will reduce the overall number of uncalled-for purchases in our market and it will introduce people to the Patagonia lifestyle through our retail store. These store can also facilitate a recycling program for those articles of gear that are beyond repair. Something as wide-eyed as an in store credit can get people who would otherwise go to Nike devour Patagonia CA. Additionally the expanded retail presence will be an opportunity to create a engagement for clothing swapsTactic Two Expansion of Internal Repair Expand the repair infrastructure stern retail presence. That is to say, as opposed to expanding retail and having repair work centers in-store, invest in larger repair facilities that stores can send garments to. In our current b usiness model we are reaching critical intensity with regard to how much clothing repair we can handle. If we strategically place lager facilities near our exiting stores we can handle this work load our selves. This also ensures that the materials and process of clothing repair is within the ethical handle of our company without having to do audits of our outsourced partners.The clothing repair infrastructure for our market is basically nonexistent at this point and with research and development focused on this new business model we can create and dominate this market. This will once again involve repairing more than just Patagonia products but in the end thats what this business model is about. To survive and grow into the next decade we must not just reduce the consumption of our customer base but we must reduce the consumption of our competitors as well. When a dirtbag holds on to a coat for another year he helps reduce Patagonias impact on the earth and its inhabitants. When Patagonia repairs a Columbia or North Face coat and it lasts for another year we have slowed the consumption of unethically produced clothes and possibly created another dirtbag.Exhibit I Four Components of Business Model Framework (Johnson, Christensen, Kagerman)Customer value proposition (CVP)Current Providing high quality durable outdoor athletic clothing and accessories (CA) produced with a high standard for environmental and social impact. Proposed In addition to production, engage the consumer in the environmental and social impact of their outdoor athletic CA by involving them in the maintenance/repair/swap of CA. pelf formulaRevenue modelCurrent Standard industry mark up on goods sold. Proposed inflict the price of goods sold and charge a small fee for repairs or continue with current price structure charge cost for repairs of Patagonia clothing/accessories, charge premium repair rates for non-Patagonia clothing and accoutrement repair. Cost structureCurrent COGS = 80% m aterials 20% parts with a wholesale margin of 45% and a retail margin of 65% Proposed A modified cost structure that emphasizes retail sales and profits off of repairs Margin modelCurrent Largest channel of sales in wholesale 44%, second retail 33%, and finally Catalog/internet 23% Proposed Shift focus from wholesale to retail/catalog/internet sales, add additional emphasis on repair cost structure for maximum profitabilityResource velocityCurrent In general keeping inventory exhausts resources, something which Patagonia wants to minimize. Thus production should match as close to demand as possible. Assets should be available, although they do not need to be incredibly liquid. Proposed Same as current model.Key resources.Current People There is a certain type of person who works for Patagonia. Ideally a person who works at Patagonia is the exemplification consumer of their goods. Brand With a vigorous brand associated with high environmental and social standards combined with a st rong dislike of standard advertising channels for the industry the reputation Patagonias brand has gained is remarkable (this is achieved through the people they employ as well).Technology Their ethical commitment to responsible sourcing and production has resulted in some profitable patents of great CA material. Proposed The current Key Resources should not be lost but the Technology will shift to the new business model a focus on materials , threads, and substances for repair. Additionally there would be a re-purposing of Facilities to reflect this model change as well.Key processes.Current Rules and Norms Patagonias Rules and Norms inform every manifestation of their business and it is no different when it comes to their Key Processes. So while manufacturing, service, and training are all important, it all comes down to the Rules and Norms. Propsed This would not change.When a new business model is needed.1. The opportunity to address through unquiet innovation the needs of la rge groups of potential customers who are shut out of a market whole because existing solutions are too expensive or complicated for them. The product repair market is just this. As it stands now such jackets tend to be luxury purchases as they hobbies they are designed for are not generally cheap ones to keep.2. The opportunity to capitalize on a brand new technology by wrapping a new business model around it or the opportunity to leverage a tested technology by bringing it to a whole new market Patagonia isnt capitalizing on a new technology when it comes to CA per se but the market could motivate their RD surgical incision to develop a technology that could be incorporated into the repair model. 3. The opportunity to bring a joke-to-be through focus where one does not yet exist The expansion of clothing repair for Patagonia and other non-Patagonia CA provides a real opportunity for an existing market that consumers may not know they need. It creates a job to be done (clothing repair as opposed to replacement). 4. The need to fend off low-end disrupters.Patagonia would be a low end disrupter in the repair market repair is cheaper than replacement. 5. The need to respond to a break basis of competition. Patagonia would be shifting the basis of competition.

Banyan Tree Essay Example for Free

banyan guide EssayMinimal advertising, still high level of make sense through come withs public relations and ball-shaped tradeing programs. Faced the challenge of translating and maintaining the supremacy of a box Asian cordial reception brand into various market elements on a global scale Innovative deferral product that could also bridge the price gap in this market Building a resort comprising individual villas with locally promptd architectural design and positioned as a romantic and outline escapade for guests Sanctuary for the senses. banyan channelize Gallery local culture and inheritance and promoting cottage Crafts, retail outlet showcasing innate crafts, works closely with village cooperatives and not-for-profit craft marketing agents. trade high-end watering holerk off magazines in separate markets public relations global marketing programs (increase editorial coverage) few key wholesalers in each targeted market agents specializing in exlusive sumptuosity holidays targeted at wealthy customers membership in the littler Luxury Hotels and Leading Hotels of the World GDS cose BY (own global distribution body used by travel willrs to process airline, hotel, car rental and other distribution partners around the founding.Actively caring for the natural and kind-hearted environs, revitalizing local communities, worked actively to preserve, protect, and promote the natural and human environments in which BYT resorts where located. Minimizing the impact on the environment Green Communities = planted trees, engage local communities, associates, guests to sh ar the causes of climate change and actions that can reduce our gathered carbon footprint. Green Imperative Fund to further support community-based and environmental initiatives in the regions where it has a presence.The company believed in building profit fitting resorts that would benefit the surround environment and contribute to local economies through the univer se of employment and community ontogenesis projects. Businesses with local farmers and traders by making it a point to corrupt fresh produce from them. Community Relations Department was set up to develop and manage community outreach programs. Seedling BTHRs formalized program which aimed to help oung adults from local communities and motivate them and provide the means for completing their education to successfully enter the labor force as adults. Future openening city hotels and angsana hotels in Dubai and London (angsana brand in response to the demand for hotel operators in Asia that were keen to introduce spa services in their hotel, it is more(prenominal) modern and affordable brand. Musem Shop by banyan tree joint partnetship with Singapors national heritage get along to showcase Asia rich and diverse cultural heritage through unique museum-inspired merchandise. banian corner Holdings (banian tree tree) is an investment holding company involved in managing and ontoge ny indemnity resorts, hotels and spas in the Asia Pacific. To date, the banyan channelize Group manages and/or has ownership interests in close to 36 hotels and resorts, around 73 spas, 91 galleriesand 3 golf courses in 28 countries The company operates in Asia, Mexico and Morocco, New Zealand, Africa, Dubai, and the UK. Banyan point operates through cardinal business segments hotel investment, belongings gross revenue, and fee-based.The hotel investments segment relates to hotel and restaurant surgical operations. The property sales segment comprises hotel residences, lagoon property sales and growing project/site sales. Hotel residences business relates to the sale of hotel villas or suites which atomic number 18 part of hotel operations, to investors at a lower place a compulsory leaseback scheme. Laguna property sales business relates to the development and sale of properties which argon standalone vacation homes in Laguna Phuket. Development project/site sales relate s to pure development land sales or development land sales which are fully or partially developed with infrastructure.The fee-based segment comprises the precaution of hotels and resorts, the circumspection of an asset-backed destination club, the focussing of private-equity funds, the management and operation of spas, the sales of merchandise, the provision of architectural and design services, the management and ownership of golf courses, and rental of retail outlets and offices. The companys subsidiaries (dochterbedrijf) take Banyan point watering place Bangkok, Banyan Tree Spa Bintan, Banyan Tree Spa Ringha, Banyan Tree Spa Phuket, Banyan Tree Sanya, and Banyan Tree Macau, among others.Banyan Tree Holdings (Banyan Tree) is engaged in the management and development of premium resorts, hotels and spas. The companys key services include the following. Hotel and restaurant operations Sale of hotel villas or suites Development and sale of properties small development land sa les Management of hotels and resorts Management of an asset-backed destination club Management of private-equity funds -Management and operation of spas Architectural and design services Management and ownership of golf courses Rental of retail outlets and offices.The following companies are the major competitors of Banyan Tree Holdings Limited Central Plaza Hotel Public Company Limited iv Seasons Hotels Inc Associated International Hotels Ltd In the past few forms, much(prenominal) events risks as the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, bird flu, floods and riots in Thailand energize been hard on our industry, causing tourism as a whole to dry up in their wake. By comparison, economic recessions are part and parcel of the business cycle, which we are able to take in our stride and counter with a variety of measures.During the year, the world remained mired in the European sovereign debt crisis and American economic weakness. Although these conditions affected our arrivals pr imarily from Europe, we were able to capitalise on the flourishing Chinese market. At our quadruplet resorts in the Maldives, for example, the number of Chinese guests surpassed those from Europe. In our continuing efforts to rebalance the Groups assets, we made the bargain purchase of Banyan Tree Seychelles which gave rise to a net gain. We also sold and leased back Angsana Velavaru in January 2013.The hybrid structure of this deal is a first for Banyan Tree, and we are pleased with how it allows us to rebalance our portfolio darn still participating in the profits from the operations of Angsana Velavaru. 2012 with overall revenue growing 3% to S$338. 4 million. Due to improved results from our hotel investments and fee-based businesses, as well as a higher(prenominal) contribution from unblemished sales of property units. Group EBITDA was S$74. 5 million, up 51% on the back of higher revenue and a gain on the bargain purchase of Banyan Tree Seychelles.This in diverge resulted i n PATMI increasing by 856% (S$14. million), tempered by higher finance costs and income tax expenses. HOTEL INVESTMENTS Our hotel investments delivered a stronger performance in 2012, with Group-owned hotels posting total revenue of S$187. 7 million, up 15% from the preceding year. This was referable to the higher contribution from our Thai properties and the consolidation of revenue from Banyan Tree Seychelles from 2Q12 onwards. These gains were partially showtime by lower revenue from our Maldives properties as Banyan Tree Vabbinfaru and Angsana Ihuru were temporarily closed for refurbishment.As a result of the increase in revenue, EBITDA for this segment grew by a healthy 69% to S$36. 6 million. PROPERTY SALES Revenue from property sales was S$42. 7 million. The 36% decrease was due to the sale of development sites in Lijiang, Yangshuo and Huangshan to our mainland China Fund in 2011. Excluding those transactions, revenue and EBITDA from property sales power saw growth of 43 % and 74% respectively, thanks to a higher contribution from completed sales of property units. FEE-BASED Total revenue from our fee-based businesses registered growth of 9% to reach S$108. million.This was attributable to an increase in fees from hotel management and architectural and interior design and other services. Accordingly, EBITDA for our fee-based businesses grew by 23%. 2013 appears to be another challenging year for the global economy. We anticipate continued weakness in our European target markets. In Asia, which has been the worlds economic engine these past four years, growth is likely to moderate. Despite the cooling of Chinas economy, the tourism market both inbound and outbound is expected to continue to grow.The Chinese government is crisply promoting domestic tourism as part of its strategy to increase domestic consumption, thereby cushioning the mental retardation in export manufacturing. Banyan Trees strong branding and rapidly expanding footprint in China forget position us to take advantage of this trend. Our seven regional marketing offices in China will be invaluable in enabling us to tap the vast likely of this market and to enhance awareness of our hotels with key accounts in China.Our strategy sacking forward will include continuing with our asset rebalancing to unlock value and deploy capital to more promising markets. At the corresponding time, we are exploring the possibility of extending the successful Fund simulation into other areas. In terms of growing finical segments, we will be focusing on increasing income from our fee-based and property sales businesses. We have built the fee-based segment to a point where it now has an impetus of its own.On the property sales front, we plan to move into sell more primary and serviced residences. Primary residences under the Banyan Tree brand, We will also be going forward with the establishment of a thirdly brand of residences to be wholly sold and managed by us. quite tha n compete with local property developers, we will leverage our branding and design skills to market to a niche audience in China. We will also be going forward with the establishment of a third brand of residences to be wholly sold and managed by us.Catering to an entirely new market of price-conscious buyers, these properties will be smaller in size yet deliver the quality and innovation that are hallmarks of Banyan Tree. Strongly associated with our brand is the concept of a triple bottom line. In our pursuit of economic, social and environmental success, we made major investments in resource conservation, instruct and benchmarking, greening and community efforts in 2012. Under the EarthCheck system of sustainability certification, we also planted in six-year a total to over 220,000 trees.Banyan Tree Hotels and Resorts offer an intimate retreat experience featuring its soupcon blend of romance, rejuvenation and exotic sensuality. Our philosophy is based on providing a place for rejuvenation of the body, mind and soul a Sanctuary for the Senses. Placing special emphasis on providing guests with a sense of place, each Banyan Tree property is designed to fit into its natural surroundings, using autochthonic materials as far as possible and reflecting the landscape and architecture of the destination.Pioneering he tropical tend spa concept with Asian health and beauty remedies passed down from generations, Banyan Tree Spa was created as the signature experience in all Banyan Tree resorts, to complement the Sanctuary for the Senses wellness concept. With the emphasis on high service standards and consistency, therapists are professionally trained at Banyan Tree Spa Academies in Phuket, Thailand, and Lijiang, China. The Banyan Tree Gallery supports local communities by exhibiting and retailing indigenous handicrafts, which are also entrap in the resorts.A quintessential highlight of the Banyan Tree experience, Banyan Tree Gallery aspires to energize the uni que Banyan Tree experience withits extensive selection ofAsian-style furnishings, Banyan Tree Spa collection, eco-friendly products, indigenous village handicrafts, ethnic apparel and accessories, and objects dart. Banyan Tree Holdings Limited is a leading, international hospitality brand that manages and develops premium resorts, hotels and spas. Its innovative business model is based on seven business segments generating septuple income streams that is unique in itself within the hospitality industry.This formula of developing and managing complementary product offerings with in-house talent makes it grueling for competitors to duplicate with the same level of success. Banyan Trees vertically integrated business model comprises Hotel investment Banyan Tree owns and manages luxury hotels under its brands, as well as hotels that are managed by other world-class operators. Hotel management Banyan Tree additionally manages properties under the Banyan Tree and Angsana brands for othe r owners.Canopy Marketing Group Pte Ltd A company wholly owned by Banyan Tree Services, Canopy Marketing Group Pte Ltd provides high-level strategic insights on various global niche markets to hunting expedition top line performance of our diverse range of lifestyle products including hotels, resorts, spas, gallery, destination club and residential ownership. It has a full-suite of marketing capabilities specializing in the branding, marketing and promotion. Spa operations Banyan Tree Spa pioneered the tropical garden spa concept, and has since grown to over 60 outlets worldwide.Gallery operations The retail arm is consolidated under Banyan Tree Gallery, which comprises five brand segments located in over 70 stores worldwide. Hotel residences Hotel inventory are primarily sold under the brand name Banyan Tree Residences. Property sales Properties that are not part of hotel operations are sold by our subsidiary company, Laguna Resorts and Hotels, and its subsidiaries, in Laguna P huket. Design and other services Revenue from design services is earned by Architrave, Banyan Trees in-house architectural arm.Other service fees include income from operating golf clubs. Real Estate cordial reception Funds Banyan Tree Capital was set upto tap private equity and other sources of investments in order to provide a cost efficient structure to fund the Groups prox developments. With about 8,000 associates of over 50 nationalities, the diversity of its workforce is a key feature of the Group and helps to inspire its international outlook. To address its talent development needs, Banyan Tree launched Banyan Tree Management academy (BTMA) in 2008.This centralised training facility located in Phuket, Thailand will train future Banyan Tree leaders needed to sustain organisational effectiveness and to meet the demands of its rapid global growth. Part of Banyan Trees vision has always been to grow into a global business, with a portfolio of properties strategically prime d(p) around the world. The Groups mission is inextricably intertwined with its commitment to corporate social responsibility and sustainable growth, as it continues to expand globally.The launch of Banyan Tree Residences, which allows investors to buy their own signature villa, townhouse or flatbed in Banyan Tree resorts. Banyan Tree Private Collection was launched to cater to the growing niche for destination club membership 2005 Marking the groups long awaited foray into China is Banyan Tree Ringha, in Yunnan. 2001 Banyan Tree established the Green Imperative Fund to validate its corporate social responsibility efforts. The Banyan Tree Spa Academy was set up to provide training for new therapists as well as research new treatment recipes and techniques.Banyan Tree Capital is a veridical the three estates fund management company established by the Banyan Tree group, a renowned luxury hospitality company listed in Singapore, to focus on hospitality-based real estate investment. Banyan Tree Capital raises, develops and manages branded hospitality funds in key development markets of the Banyan Tree group. With a combination of fund management and asset development capabilities, Banyan Tree Capital leverages on the groups expertise in premium hospitality real estate development and anagement to generate attractive investment returns for its investors. Banyan Tree Capital is headquartered in Singapore with offices in China and Vietnam. We have successfully achieved higher room rates than the existing market in locations such as Lijiang, the Maldives and Seychelles. We have also found that our iconic brands also help raise the value of the surrounding land. Our innovative city products combine all the iconic elements of our brand and differentiate developers within established, high cost city markets.We have the flexibility and capabilities to adapt our model to various locations so as to maximize returns for the developer As part of our strategy of enlarging o ur footprint in China, we will also be launching two more hotels in Shanghai and one in Tianjin, adding to our ever growing presence in various inlet cities. We are also employing our capabilities all across China, where large tracts of land are being developed into gated residences and luxury hotels offered to the Chinese elite.One of Banyan Trees prime concerns is its associates. We pride ourselves in providing high levels of service excellence and providing trend made training and career development programmes for our employees. No stone is left unturned in regards to training and proper introduction before a Banyan Tree is put into operation. Trained to the basic standards of 5 star hotels. Employees were empowered to exercise creativity and sensitivity although the strict administrative rules of the management.Employees were taken to and from work in air-conditioned buses, access to various amenities (good-quality canteens, medical services, childcare facilities). Banyan Tree is one of the worlds biggest and well known spa operators. Our levels of quality and service are unparalleled and uncompromised. We are the totally vertically integrated hospitality company with strong capabilities to tackle and anticipate the challenges of master planning and developing an integrated resort. We are able to take a property from inception to delivery with efficiencies that is entirely brand specific.Our n-house design team, Architrave, and project services team are extremely involved in all phases of the development master planning, designing, developing and coordinating, to ensure developers a timely delivery of their asset. Being experienced developers, we are able to ensure that efficiencies and economies of scale are maximized along with guest experiences. Bintan, the Maldives and Phuket where the Angsana resort is positioned next to a Banyan Tree resort with shared back of house facilities. This model has allowed us to lower costs without cannibalizing rates, thereby boosting returns for our developers.